Section 3 ­ Coordinate Systems 
Table of Contents

Preface and Reader Information
Web References

3.1 Basic Understanding of Coordinate Systems

3.1.1 Background
3.1.2 Types of Epicentre Supplied coordinate Systems
3.1.3 Finding what Coordinate System Information is Stored
3.1.4 Using and Existing Coordinate System
3.1.5 Creating a new Coordinate System
3.1.6 Coordinate System Transformations
3.1.7 Using a UTM Transformation
3.1.8 Storing Locations
3.1.9 Using Vertical Coordinate Systems and Measured Depths

3.2 Coordinate systems - A Deeper Understanding

3.2.1 Geographic Coordinate Systems
3.2.2 Elevations
3.2.3 Projected Coordinate System
3.2.4 Redatuming Transformations

3.3 Advanced Usage of Coordinate Systems

3.3.1 Background
3.3.1.1 Epicentre View of a Geographic Coordinate System
3.3.1.2 Epicentre View of a Projected Coordinate System
3.3.1.3 Epicentre View of Coordinate Transformations
3.3.2 Forming a Geographic Coordinate System
3.3.3 Forming a Projected Coordinate System
3.3.4 Storing Coordinate Transformations
3.3.4.1 Storing the Coordinate Transformation
3.3.4.2 Storing a Particular Coordinate Trnasformation
3.3.4.3 Tying them all together
3.3.5 Redatuming Transformations
3.3.5.1 Redatuming Example
3.3.6 Finding the Methods and their Parameters

3.4 Projections and Projected Coordinate System formulas

3.4.1 Introduction
3.4.2 Identification of Projected Coordinate Systems
3.4.3 Projected Coordinate System Parameters
3.4.4 Projected Coordinate System Formulas
3.4.4.1 Lambert Conic Conformal
. Example
3.4.4.1a Lambert Conic Near-Conformal
3.4.4.1b Oblique Conformal Conic
3.4.4.2 Mercator
. Example
3.4.4.3 Cassini-Soldner
. Example
3.4.4.4 Transverse Mercator
. Example
3.4.4.5 Oblique Mercator
3.4.4.6 Stereographic
Oblique and Equitorial Cases
. Example
Polar Case
3.4.4.7 New Zealand Map Grid
3.4.4.8 Tunisia Mining Grid
3.4.4.9 American Polyconic

3.5 Geographic Coordinate System Transformations

3.5.1 Geographic Coordinate System Transformation Methods
3.5.2 Geographic Coordinate System Transformation Formulas
3.5.2.1 Geocentric Cartesian Coordinates
. Example
3.5.2.2 Molodenski Transformation
3.5.2.3 Helmert Transformation
. Example
3.5.2.4 Polynomial Transformations for Spain