The objective of this report is to define business cases involving geology and present their Epicentre mapping in order to illustrate what part of the model can be used without any problem and what other part contains ambiguity. Five business cases are developed. They correspond to different parts of geoscience interpretation :
An association mechanism would be preferable.
| C. Martin | J. Magendie |
| tel : (33) 5 59835111 | tel : (33) 5 59836788 |
| email : c.martin@elf-p.fr | email : j.magendie@elf-p.fr |
2. Chronostratigraphy
3. Lithostratigraphy
5. Deposit environment
The biostratigraphic layers objects of Epicentre are :
Biostratigraphic_abundance_zone : A biostratigraphic unit characterized by the abundant representation of a fossil taxon.
Biostratigraphic assemblage zone : A biostratigraphic unit characterized by the presence of a distinctive assemblage or community of fossil taxa.
Biostratigraphic interval zone : A biostratigraphic unit characterized by the presence of a fossil taxon.
The interval « layer_1 » from 1280 to 1312 m in well Well001 has been attributed to the « A2b8 foraminifera biozone» by « my_company_laboratory ». This biozone is characterised by the abundance of the foraminifera « xyz_lineincis » and represents the Early Oxfordian when referring to the « stratigraphic classification shart » of FWB Van Eysinga/3rd edition.
MODEL biostratigraphic zone A2b8 from foraminifera reference chart XYZ
SCHEMA_DATA Epicentre_V2.1 ;
layer_1 = BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT {
identifier(K) —> « foraminifera biozone chart for the area XYZ » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
biozone <— (@the_biozone_name) ;
geologic_age_classification <— (@position_in_stratigraphy) ;
position_in_wellbore(A)
wellbore_interval <— (@wellbore_interval_related_to_the_biozone) ; } ;
the_biozone_name = BIOZONE {
identifier(M,K) —> « A2b8 » ;
ref_biozone(M) —> @PRV_abundance ;
source(M) —> @RV_my_company_laboratory;
biostratigraphic_unit —> (@layer_1) ;
fossil_taxon <— (@specific_fossil_of_the_biozone) ; };
specific_fossil_of_the_biozone = FOSSIL_TAXON {
name(M,K) —> « xyz_lineincis » ;
source(M) —> @RV_ my_company_laboratory ;
temporal_period(nA)
chronozone(nA)
biozone —> (@the_biozone_name) ; };
position_in_stratigraphy = GEOLOGIC_AGE_CLASSIFICATION {
ref_age_classification_type(M,K) —> (@stratigraphic_classification) ;
temporal_object(M,K)(A)
temporal_period(nA)
geochronologic_area(A)
geochronologic_age —> (@geologic_stage) ;
rock_material(A)
rock_feature(A)
stratigraphic_feature(nA)
biostratigraphic_unit —> (@layer_1) ; };
stratigraphic_classification = REF_AGE_CLASSIFICATION_TYPE {;
kind(M,K) —> « international stratigraphic shart » ;
source(M) —> @RV_FWB Van Eysinga/3rd edition ; };
geologic_stage = GEOCHRONOLOGIC_AGE {;
identifier(M,K) —> « Early Oxfordian » ;
geologic_age_classification <—(@position_in_stratigraphy) ;
source(M) —> @RV_my_company ; };
wellbore_interval_related_to_the_biozone = WELLBORE_INTERVAL {
wellbore(M,K) —> (@wellbore_1) ;
pty_geometry_1d_edge <—(@depth_of_the_interval) ;
geologic_feature(A)(K)
rock_feature(nA)
stratigraphic_feature(nA)
lithostratigraphic_unit(nA) —> (@layer_1) ; };
wellbore_1 = WELLBORE {
identifier(M,K) —> « Well001 » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
well(M,K) —> (@well_1) ; };
well_1 = WELL {
identifier(M,K) —> « Well001 » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
wellbore(M,K) <— (@wellbore_1) ; };
depth_of_the_interval = PTY_GEOMETRY_SIMPLE_1D_EDGE {
edge —>(@wellbore_interval_related_to_the_biozone) ;
minimum_point —>NDT_LENGTH_MIDRANGE {
real_value : 1280 ;
ref_unit_of_measure @PRV_m ;
maximum_point —>NDT_LENGTH_MIDRANGE {
real_value : 1312 ;
ref_unit_of_measure @PRV_m ;}
coordinate_system —>(@LocCoordSystZ) ;}
LocCoordSystZ = LOCAL_SPATIAL_COORDINATE_SYSTEM {
identifier (M,K) —>’Syst 001’ ;
ref_coordinate_system_constraint (M,K) —>@PRV_vertical_depth ;
coordinate_system_axis —>(@ZLocAxis) ;
source —>@PRV_elf ;
ZLocAxis = VERTICAL_DEPTH_SYSTEM_AXIS {
ref_quantity_property (M,K) —>@PRV_vertical_depth ;
coordinate_system (K) <—@LocCoordSystZ ;
ref_axis_orientation —>@PRV_right_handed ;
source(M) —>@RV_my_company ;
ref_vertical_axis_orientation —>@PRV_downwards ;
END_SCHEMA_DATA ;
END_MODEL ;
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The chronostratigraphic layers objects of Epicentre are :
Chronostratigraphic eonothem : The highest ranking unit of chronostratigraphic classification. Eonothem is comprised of the strata deposited during a geochronologic eon.
Chronostratigraphic erathem : The second highest ranking unit of classification of chronostratigraphic systems. Erathem corresponds to the strata deposited during a geochronologic era.
Chronostratigraphic system : The third highest ranking unit of chronostratigraphic classification. A system corresponds to the strata deposited during a geochronologic period.
Chronostratigraphic substage : An informal, minor ranking unit of chronostratigraphic classification; a substage is a subdivision of a stage, characterized by some unifying characteristic.
Chronostratigraphic stage : A minor ranking unit of chronostratigraphic classification; a stage corresponds to the strata deposited during a geochronologic age.
Chronostratigraphic series : A minor ranking unit of chronostratigraphic classification; a series corresponds to the strata deposited during a geochronologic epoch.
Geochronologic zone : An interval of geologic time characterized by its position and rank within a hierarchical model of geologic time. Geochronologic units are closely identified by chronostratigraphic units in both rank and naming conventions.
Geochronologic eon : The highest ranking classification of geologic time, comprising the Phanerozoic (time of evident life) and pre-Phanerozoic.
Geochronologic era : The second largest rank of geologic time. An era is a subdivision of eon.
Geochronologic period : A unit of major rank in the classification of geologic time. A period is a subdivision of an era.
Geochronologic epoch : The middle level rank in the classification of geologic time. An epoch is a subdivision of a geochronologic period.
Geochronologic age : A relatively minor rank of geologic time representing a subdivision of a geochronologic epoch.
Geochronologic subepoch : An informal rank in the classification of geologic time. A subepoch is a subdivision of an epoch.
The rock interval « layer_1 », a part of the geologic sequence of the sedimentary basin of Morondava, has been identified as « Oxfordian ». This layer_1 is interbedded between the geologic stages « Kimmeridgian » and « Callovian ». The « Oxfordian » correspond to a geologic period which takes place from 160 to 151 million of years before.present.
MODEL geologic age attribution (ex : oxfordian) to a rock layer.
SCHEMA_DATA Epicentre_V2.1 ;
layer_1 = CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT {
identifier(M,K) —> « oxfordian » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
geologic_age_classification <— (@position_in_stratigraphy) ;
geologic_province —> (@sedimendary_basin_1) ; };
position_in_stratigraphy = GEOLOGIC_AGE_CLASSIFICATION {
ref_age_classification_type(M,K) —> (@stratigraphic_classification) ;
temporal_object(M,K)(A)
temporal_period(nA)
geochronologic_zone(A)
geochronologic_age —> (@geologic_stage) ;
rock_material(A)
rock_feature(nA)
stratigraphic_feature(nA)
chronostratigraphic_unit(nA) —>(@layer_1) ; };
stratigraphic_classification = REF_AGE_CLASSIFICATION_TYPE {
kind(M,K) —> « international stratigraphic shart »;
source(M) —> @RV_FWB Van Eysinga/3rd edition ; } ;
geologic_stage = GEOCHRONOLOGIC_AGE {
identifier(M,K) —> « Oxfordian » ;
source(M) —> @ref_source.name = my_company_reference ;
geologic_age_classification <— (@position_in_stratigraphy) ;
next_older_period <— (@geologic_stage_below) ;
next_younger_period —> (@geologic_stage_above) ;
pty_geologic_age_range <— (@equivalence_in_absolute_datation) ; };
geologic_stage_above = GEOCHRONOLOGIC_AGE {
identifier(M,K) —> « Kimmeridgian » ;
source(M) —> @RV_FWB Van Eysinga/3rd edition ;
next_older_period <— (@geologic_stage) ; };
geologic_stage_below = GEOCHRONOLOGIC_AGE {
identifier(M,K) —> « Callovian » ;
source(M) —> @RV_ FWB Van Eysinga/3rd edition ;
next_younger_period —> (@geologic_stage) ; } ;
equivalence_in_absolute_datation = PTY_GEOLOGIC_AGE_RANGE {
earlier_age —>NDT_TIME_GEOLOGIC {
real_value : 151 ;
ref_unit_of_measure @PRV_Ma ;}
later_age —>NDT_TIME_GEOLOGIC {
real_value : 160 ;
ref_unit_of_measure @PRV_Ma ;}
temporal_period(nA)
geochronologic_zone(A)
geochronologic_age —> (@geologic_stage) ; };
sedimentary_basin_1 = GEOLOGIC_PROVINCE {
identifier(M,K) —> « Morondava basin » ;
source(M) —> @RV_my_company_reference ;
geologic_feature(A)
rock_feature(nA)
stratigraphic_feature(nA)
chronostratigraphic_unit <— (@layer_1) ; };
END_SCHEMA_DATA ;
END_MODEL ;
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The lithostratigraphic layers objects of Epicentre are:
Lithostratigraphic supergroup : A lithostratigraphic unit, ranking above group, that identifies a group of contiguous formations and groups having some unifying characteristic.
Lithostratigraphic group : The lithostratigraphic rank above formation, comprising a sequence of contiguous associated formations with significant unifying lithologic features.
Lithostratigraphic formation : The primary formal unit of lithostratigraphic classification. It is intermediate in rank and is informally defined as a mappable rock body characterized by a distinctive lithology.
Lithostratigraphic member : Member is the lithostratigraphic rank below formation, characterized by a distinctive lithology within a formation.
Lithostratigraphic bed : The lowest ranking unit of lithostratigraphic classification, a bed is a lithologically distinctive rock body within a member or formation.
Morondava Basin lithostratigraphic column. In this example there are 3 formations, a base of description and a top. Formations thickness and datation (equiv. Geochronology) are required.
| Antsalova shale (unitA) | thickness 150m | Callovo-Oxfordian |
| Bemara limestone (unitB) | thickness 300m | Upper Lias to Bajocian-Bathonian |
| Ishalo sandstone (unitC) | thickness 800m | undetermined |
(1) no relationship with the true sequence of the Morondava Basin.
MODEL lithostratigraphic column with thickness and datation
SCHEMA_DATA Epicentre_V2.1 ;
my_company_interpretation = GEOSCIENCE_INTERPRETATION {
name(K) —> « Morondava Basin, new interpretation » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
earth_model <— (@morondava_lithostrat_model_version1) ;
earth_model_object <— (@region_unitA, @region_unitB, @region_unitC,
@bound_top_unitA, @bound_bottom_unitA, @bound_top_unitB,
@bound_bottom_unitB, @bound_top_unitC,
@bound_bottom_unitC, @shell_unitA, @shell_unitB,
@shell_unitC) ;
cause_association <— (@outcrop_first_unit, @outcrop_second_unit, @outcrop_third_unit) ;} ;
morondava_lithostrat_model_version1 = EARTH_MODEL {
identifier(M,K) —> « lithostratigraphic column of the Morondava Basin » ;
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@my_company_interpretation) ;
spatial_object —> @region_unitA, @region_unitB, @region_unitC,
@bound_top_unitA, @bound_bottom_unitA, @bound_top_unitB,
@bound_bottom_unitB, @bound_top_unitC,
@bound_bottom_unitC, @shell_unitA, @shell_unitB,
@shell_unitC) ; };
unitA = LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT {
identifier(K) —> « Antsalova shale » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
position_in_earth_model <— (@region_unitA) ;
feature_boundary <— (@top_unitA, @bottom_unitA) ;
geologic_province —> (@sedimentary_basin_1) ;
pty_thickness —> (@unitA_thickness) ; %**********other solution suggested ***********%
% pty_thickness should be an attribute of %
% lithostratigraphic_unit %
geologic_age_classification <— (@unitA_position_in_chronostratigraphy) ; };
unitB = LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT {
identifier(K) —> « Bemara limestone » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
position_in_earth_model <— (@region_unitB) ;
feature_boundary <— (@top_unitB, @bottom_unitB) ;
geologic_province —> (@sedimentary_basin_1) ;
pty_thickness —> (@unitB_thickness) ; %***********same remark as above **********%
geologic_age_classification <— (@unitB_position_in_chronostratigraphy) ; };
unitC = LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT {
identifier(K) —> « Ishalo sandstone » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
position_in_earth_model <— (@region_unitC) ;
feature_boundary <— (@top_unitC, @bottom_unitC) ;
geologic_province —> (@sedimentary_basin_1) ;
pty_thickness —> (@unitC_thickness) ; %***********same remark as above **********%
geologic_age_classification <— (@unitC_position_in_chronostratigraphy) ; } ;
top_unitA = LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_MARKER {
identifier(K) —> « top Antsalova shale » ;
geologic_province —> (@sedimentary_basin_1) ;
position_in_earth_model <— (@bound_top_unitA) ;
boundary_type —> @RV_top_of_section_erosional_surface) ;
rock_feature(A) —> (@unitA) ; } ;
bottom_unitA = LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_MARKER {
identifier(K) —> « base Antsalova shale » ;
geologic_province —> (@sedimentary_basin_1) ;
position_in_earth_model <— (@bound_bottom_unitA) ;
boundary_type —> @RV_conunitable) ;
rock_feature(A) —> (@unitA) ; } ;
top_unitB = LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_MARKER {
identifier(K) —> « top Bemara limestone » ;
geologic_province —> (@sedimentary_basin_1) ;
position_in_earth_model <— (@bound_top_unitB) ;
boundary_type —> @RV_conformable) ;
rock_feature(A) —> (@unitB) ; };
bottom_unitB = LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_MARKER {
identifier(K) —> « bottom Bemara limestone » ;
geologic_province —> (@sedimentary_basin_1) ;
position_in_earth_model <— (@bound_bottom_unitB) ;
boundary_type —> @RV_conformable) ;
rock_feature(A) —> (@unitB) ; };
top_unitC = LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_MARKER {
identifier(K) —> « top Ishalo sandstone » ;
geologic_province —> (@sedimentary_basin_1) ;
position_in_earth_model <— (@bound_top_unitC) ;
boundary_type —> @RV_conformable) ;
rock_feature(A) —> (@unitC) ; };
bottom_unitC = LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_MARKER {
identifier(K) —> « bottom Ishalo sandstone » ;
geologic_province —> (@sedimentary_basin_1) ;
position_in_earth_model <— (@bound_bottom_unitC) ;
boundary_type —> @RV_lower_end_of_section_nomore_outcrop ;
rock_feature(A) —> (@unitB) ; } ;
region_unitA = EARTH_POSITION_REGION {
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@my_company_interpretation) ;
earth_model <— (@morondava_lithostrat_model_version1) ;
geologic_feature(K) —> (@unitA) ;
shell_region_binding <— (@bind_unitA) ;
object_of_ranking <— (@outcrop_first_unit) ;
datum_for_ranking <— (@outcrop_second_unit) ; };
region_unitB = EARTH_POSITION_REGION {
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@my_company_interpretation) ;
earth_model <— (@morondava_lithostrat_model_version1) ;
geologic_feature(K) —> (@unitB) ;
shell_region_binding <— (@bind_unitB) ;
object_of_ranking <— (@outcrop_second_unit) ;
datum_for_ranking <— (@outcrop_first_unit) ; };
region_unitC = EARTH_POSITION_REGION {
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@my_company_interpretation) ;
earth_model <— (@morondava_lithostrat_model_version1) ;
geologic_feature(K) —> (@unitC) ;
shell_region_binding <— (@bind_unitC) ;
object_of_ranking <— (@outcrop_third_unit) ;
datum_for_ranking <— (@outcrop_second_unit) ; };
outcrop_first_unit = OBJECT_RANKING {
relative_rank(M,K) —> (@unitA_comparison_by_deposition_order) ;
ranked_object(M,K) —> (@region_unitA) ;
base_object(M,K) —> (@region_unitB) ;
caused_by —> (@my_company_interpretation) ; };
outcrop_second_unit = OBJECT_RANKING {
relative_rank(M,K) —> (@unitB_comparison_by_deposition_order) ;
ranked_object(M,K) —> (@region_unitB) ;
base_object(M,K) —> (@region_unitC) ;
caused_by —> (@my_company_interpretation) ; };
outcrop_third_unit = OBJECT_RANKING {
relative_rank(M,K) —> @ unitC_comparison_by_deposition_order) ;
ranked_object(M,K) —> (@region_unitC) ;
base_object(M,K) —> (@region_unitB) ;
caused_by —> (@my_company_interpretation) ; };
unitA_comparison_by_deposition_order = RELATIVE_RANK {
kind(M,K) —> « younger » ;
source(M) —> @RV_my_company_interpretation ;
datum_for_ranking <— (@outcrop_second_unit) ;
object_for_ranking <— (@outcrop_first_unit) ;
ranking_system(M,K) —> (@type_of_classification) ; };
unitB_comparison_by_deposition_order = RELATIVE_RANK {
kind(M,K) —> « younger » ;
source(M) —> @RV_my_company_interpretation ;
datum_for_ranking <— (@outcrop_third_unit) ;
object_for_ranking <— (@outcrop_second_unit) ;
ranking_system(M,K) —> (@type_of_classification) ; };
unitC_comparison_by_deposition_order = RELATIVE_RANK {
kind(M,K) —> « older » ;
source(M) —> @RV_my_company_interpretation ;
datum_for_ranking <— (@outcrop_second_unit) ;
object_for_ranking <— (@outcrop_third_unit) ;
ranking_system(M,K) —> (@type_of_classification) ; };
type_of_classification = RANKING_SYSTEM {
kind(M,K) —> « age » ;
source(M,K) —> @RV_my_company ; };
bound_top_unitA = EARTH_POSITION_FACE {
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@my_company_interpretation) ;
geologic_feature —> (@top_unitA) ;
earth_model <— (@morondava_lithostrat_model_version1) ;
shell —> (@shell_unitA) ; };
bound_bottom_unitA = EARTH_POSITION_FACE {
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@my_company_interpretation) ;
geologic_feature —> (@bottom_unitA) ;
earth_model <— (@morondava_lithostrat_model_version1) ;
shell —> (@shell_unitA) ;
primary_topological_relationship <— (@bottom_unitA_is_also_top_unitB) ; };
bound_top_unitB = EARTH_POSITION_FACE {
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@my_company_interpretation) ;
geologic_feature —> (@top_unitB) ;
earth_model <— (@morondava_lithostrat_model_version1) ;
shell —> (@shell_unitB) ;
secondary_topological_relationship <— (@bottom_unitA_is_also_top_unitB) ; };
bound_bottom_unitB = EARTH_POSITION_FACE {
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@my_company_interpretation) ;
geologic_feature —> (@bottom_unitB) ;
earth_model <— (@morondava_lithostrat_model_version1) ;
shell —> (@shell_unitB) ;
primary_topological_relationship <— (@bottom_unitB_is_also_top_unitC) ; };
bound_top_unitC = EARTH_POSITION_FACE {
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@my_company_interpretation) ;
geologic_feature —> (@top_unitC) ;
earth_model <— (@morondava_lithostrat_model_version1) ;
shell —> (@shell_unitC) ;
secondary_topological_relationship <— (@bottom_unitB_is_also_top_unitC) ; };
bound_bottom_unitC = EARTH_POSITION_FACE {
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@my_company_interpretation) ;
geologic_feature —> (@bottom_unitC) ;
earth_model <— (@morondava_lithostrat_model_version1) ;
shell —> (@shell_unitC) ; };
shell_unitA = EARTH_POSITION_SHELL {
identifier(K) —> « shell for unitA » ;
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@my_company_interpretation) ;
earth_model <— (@morondava_lithostrat_model_version1) ;
face <— (@bound_top_unitA, @bound_bottom_unitA) ;
shell_region_binding <— (@bind_unitA) ; };
shell_unitB = EARTH_POSITION_SHELL {
identifier(K) —> « shell for unitB » ;
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@my_company_interpretation) ;
earth_model <— (@morondava_lithostrat_model_version1) ;
face <— (@bound_top_unitB, @bound_bottom_unitB) ;
shell_region_binding <— (@bind_unitB) ; };
shell_unitC = EARTH_POSITION_SHELL {
identifier(K) —> « shell for unitC » ;
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@my_company_interpretation) ;
earth_model <— (@morondava_lithostrat_model_version1) ;
face <— (@bound_top_unitC, @bound_bottom_unitC) ;
shell_region_binding <— (@bind_unitC) ; };
bind_unitA = SHELL_REGION_BINDING {
shell(M,K) —> (@shell_unitA) ;
region(M,K) —> (@region_A) ;
ref_shell_region_binding(M) —> @PRV_external ; };
bind_unitB = SHELL_REGION_BINDING {
shell(M,K) —> (@shell_unitB) ;
region(M,K) —> (@region_B) ;
ref_shell_region_binding(M) —> @PRV_external ; };
bind_unitC = SHELL_REGION_BINDING {
shell(M,K) —> (@shell_unitC) ;
region(M,K) —> (@region_C) ;
ref_shell_region_binding(M) —> @PRV_external ; };
bottom_unitA_is_also_top_unitB = TOPOLOGICAL_RELATIONSHIP {
boundary_overlaps(M,K) —> « TRUE » ;
ref_object_intersection(M,K) —> @PRV_equal ;
primary_topological_object(M,K) —> (@bound_bottom_unitA) ;
secondary_topological_object(M,K) —> (@bound_top_unitB) ;
caused_by —> (@my_company_interpretation) ; };
bottom_unitB_is_also_top_unitC = TOPOLOGICAL_RELATIONSHIP {
boundary_overlaps(M,K) —> « TRUE » ;
ref_object_intersection(M,K) —> @PRV_equal ;
primary_topological_object(M,K) —> (@bound_bottom_unitB) ;
secondary_topological_object(M,K) —> (@bound_top_unitC) ;
caused_by —> (@my_company_interpretation) ; };
unitA_thickness = PTY_THICKNESS {
data_value(M) —> @ndt_length = 150m ;
geologic_feature —> (@unitA) ; } ; %*****attribute to be created from pty_thickness****%
unitB_thickness = PTY_THICKNESS {
data_value(M) —> @ndt_length = 300m ;
geologic_feature —> (@unitB) ; } ; %*****attribute to be created from pty_thickness****%
unitC_thickness = PTY_THICKNESS {
data_value(M) —> @ndt_length = 800m ;
geologic_feature —> (@unitC) ; } ; %*****attribute to be created from pty_thickness****%
unitA_position_in_chronostratigraphy = GEOLOGIC_AGE_CLASSIFICATION {
ref_age_classification(M,K) —> @RV_ stratigraphic classification from F.W.B. Van Eysinga ;
temporal_object(M,K) —> (@equivalence_geochronologic_age_unitA) ;
rock_material —>(@unit_A) ; };
equivalence_geochronologic_age_unitA = GEOCHRONOLOGIC_AGE {
identifier(M,K) —> « Callovian-Oxfordian » ;
source(M) —> @RV_my_company ;
geologic_province —> (@sedimentary_basin_1) ; };
unitB_position_in_chronostratigraphy = GEOLOGIC_AGE_CLASSIFICATION {
ref_age_classification(M,K) —> @RV_ stratigraphic classification from F.W.B. Van Eysinga ;
temporal_object(M,K) —> (@equivalence_geochronologic_age_unitB ; };
rock_material —>(@unit_B) ; } ;
equivalence_geochronologic_age_unitB = GEOCHRONOLOGIC_AGE {
identifier(M,K) —> « upper Lias to Bathonian-Bajocian » ;
source(M) —> @RV_my_company ;
geologic_province —> (@sedimentary_basin_1) ; } ;
unitC_position_in_chronostratigraphy = GEOLOGIC_AGE_CLASSIFICATION {
ref_age_classification(M,K) —> @RV_ stratigraphic classification from F.W.B. Van Eysinga ;
temporal_object(M,K) —> (@equivalence_geochronologic_age_unitC ; } ;
rock_material —>(@unit_C) ; } ;
equivalence_geochronologic_age_unitC = GEOCHRONOLOGIC_AGE {
identifier(M,K) —> « undetermined » ;
source(M) —> @RV_my_company ;
geologic_province —> (@sedimentary_basin_1) ; };
sedimentary_basin_1 = GEOLOGIC_PROVINCE {
identifier(M,K) —> « Monrondava Basin » ;
source(M) —> @RV_my_company_bibliography ;
geologic_feature <—(@unitA, @unitB, @unitC,
@top_unitA, bottom_unitA, top_unitB, bottom_unitB
@top_unitC, bottom_unitC) ; };
END_SCHEMA_DATA ;
END_MODEL ;
| Table of Contents | Top of Page |
The lithology objects found in Epicentre are:
Lithology_feature : A geologic feature characterized by its lithologic composition.
Lithology_type : Typical forms of lithology, such as Berea sandstone.
Material_class : A classification of material based on specification of a range of characteristics. For example, the classification of rocks into lithologic classes is based on ranges of mineral composition and grain size. Other examples of material class is to classify a fluid system as a crude oil, natural gas or formation water.
The « lithologic_type » entity seems to be the adequate place where the lithologic objects have be found. However, no list of « lithology_type » is given. The « Berea sandstone » reported as illustration of the « lithology_type », is confusing, because to attach a lithology to a locality is more related to a formation than lithology definition. More satisfactory is the list given within the « material_class » entity, where most of the common objects of the lithology for a geologist could be found. The list associate fits well with what we are looking for within the concept of « lithology »
Examples:
Name: biomicrite
classification_system: carbonate texture Folk
description: A limestone consisting of a variable proportion of skeletal
debris and micrite. It has less than 25% intraclasts and less than 25%
ooliths. The carbonate mud matrix is more dominant than the sparry calcite
cement.
source: POSC
Name: sandy shale
classification system: sedimentary material
description: a sandy siltstone or claystone that shows fissility.
Source: POSC
Graphic lithologic column displayed in the Composite log for the well WELL001
The base of the description is the layer. Each layer has only one lithology
(only one lithology per interval, no percentage), but each lithology may be a
composition of two or tree lithotypes. Additional elements as accessories elements
and modifiers are part of the lithology.
The lithologic description is decomposed in several elements by which the
graphic application is able to draw up the lithologic representation.
The first secondary lithology may be quantified as « entirely,
partly, lightly ».
The two accessories elements may be quantified as « trace,
presence, abundance ».
Example for the model :
In this example, there are 3 lithologies (limestone, sand, dolomite) and 3 accessories elements (ooclast, globigerinaes and bivalves). The 3 lithologies can be fixed using the main lithology and the 2 secondaries lithologies. The 3 accessories elements have to be shared out between the 2 accessories modifiers attributes available. One of the accessories elements cannot be taken into account. The colour (grey) is not used within the graphic representation. Data organisation in the data base will be as follow :
| top depth | 1200 |
| bottom depth | 1245 |
| main lithology | biomicrite |
| first secondary lithology | sand |
| modifier of the first secondary lithology | partly |
| second secondary lithology | dolomite |
| first accessory element | ooclast |
| modifier of the first accessory element | abundance |
| second accessory element | bivalve |
| modifier of the second accessory element | presence |
MODEL lithologic description for graphic representation
SCHEMA_DATA Epicentre_V2.1 ;
layer_1 = LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_BED {
identifier(K) —> « first bed of the composite log » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
contain_material <— (@main_litho_1A, @first_secondary_litho_1,
@second_secondary_litho_1, @first_accessory_element_1,
@second_secondary_element_1, @freq_first_secondary_litho_1
@freq_first_accessory_element_1,@freq_second_secondary_element_1) ;
position_in_wellbore —> (@layer_interval_1) ;
wellbore <— (@wellbore001) ; };
main_litho_1 = COMPONENT_MATERIAL_TYPE {
characterize(M,K) —> (@layer_1) ;
component_material_type(M,K) —> (@lithotype_for_main_litho_1) ;
object_abundance_class —> (@lithotype_class_for_main_litho_1) ; };
lithotype_for_main_litho_1 = LITHOLOGY_TYPE {
name(M,K) —> « biomicrite » ;
source(M) —> @RV_mycompany ;
component_material_type <— (@main_litho_1) ; };
lithotype_class_for_main_litho_1 = OBJECT_ABUNDANCE_CLASS {
name(M,K) —> « main lithology » ;
source(M) —> @RV_mycompany ;
component_material_type <— (@main_litho_1) ; };
first_secondary_litho_1 = COMPONENT_MATERIAL_TYPE {
characterize(M,K) —> (@layer_1) ;
component_material_type(M,K) —> (@lithotype_for_first_secondary_litho_1) ;
object_abundance_class —> (@lithotype_class_for_first_secondary_litho_1, };
freq_first_secondary_litho_1 = COMPONENT_MATERIAL_TYPE {
characterize(M,K) —> (@layer_1) ;
component_material_type(M,K) —> (@lithotype_for_first_secondary_litho_1) ;
object_abundance_class —> @frequence_of_existence_for_first_secondary_litho_1) ; };
lithotype_for_first_secondary_litho_1 = LITHOLOGY_TYPE {
name(M,K) —> « sand » ;
source(M) —> @RV_mycompany ;
component_material_type <— (@first_secondary_litho_1, @freq_first_secondary_litho_1) ; };
lithotype_class_for_first_secondary_litho_1 = OBJECT_ABUNDANCE_CLASS {
name(M,K) —> « first secondary lithology » ;
source(M) —> @RV_mycompany ;
component_material_type <— (@first_secondary_litho_1) ; };
frequence_of_existence_for_first_secondary_litho_1 = OBJECT_ABUNDANCE_CLASS {
name(M,K) —> « partly » ;
source(M) —> @RV_mycompany ;
component_material_type <— (@freq_first_secondary_litho_1) ; };
second_secondary_litho_1 = COMPONENT_MATERIAL_TYPE {
characterize(M,K) —> (@layer_1) ;
component_material_type(M,K) —> (@lithotype_for_second_secondary_litho_1) ;
object_abundance_class —> (@lithotype_class_for_second_secondary_litho_1 };
lithotype_for_second_secondary_litho_1 = LITHOLOGY_TYPE {
name(M,K) —> « dolomite » ;
source(M) —> @RV_mycompany ;
component_material_type <— (@second_secondary_litho_1) ; };
lithotype_class_for_second_secondary_litho_1 = OBJECT_ABUNDANCE_CLASS {
name(M,K) —> « second secondary lithology » ;
source(M) —> @RV_mycompany ;
component_material_type <— (@second_secondary_litho_1) ; };
first_accessory_element_1 = COMPONENT_MATERIAL_TYPE {
characterize(M,K) —> (@layer_1) ;
component_material_type(M,K) —> (@type_of_element_for_first_accessory_element_1) ;
object_abundance_class —> (@accessory_class_for_first_accessory_element_1, };
freq_first_accessory_element_1 = COMPONENT_MATERIAL_TYPE {
characterize(M,K) —> (@layer_1) ;
component_material_type(M,K) —> (@type_of_element_for_first_accessory_element_1) ;
object_abundance_class —> (@frequence_of_existence_for_first_accessory_element_1) ; };
type_of_element_for_first_accessory_element_1 = LITHOLOGY_TYPE {
name(M,K) —> « ooclast » ;
source(M) —> @RV_mycompany ;
component_material_type <— (@first_accessory_element_1, @freq_first_accessory_element_1) ; };
accessory_class_for_first_accessory_element_1 = OBJECT_ABUNDANCE_CLASS {
name(M,K) —> « first accessory element » ;
source(M) —> @RV_mycompany ;
component_material_type <— (@freq_first_accessory_element_1) ; };
frequence_of_existence_for_first_accessory_element_1 = OBJECT_ABUNDANCE_CLASS {
name(M,K) —> « abundance » ;
source(M) —> @RV_mycompany ;
component_material_type <— (@freq_first_accessory_element_1) ; };
second_accessory_element_1 = COMPONENT_MATERIAL_TYPE {
characterize(M,K) —> (@layer_1) ;
component_material_type(M,K) —> (@type_of_element_for_second_accessory_element_1) ;
object_abundance_class —> (@accessory_class_for_second_accessory_element_1, };
freq_second_accessory_element_1 = COMPONENT_MATERIAL_TYPE {
characterize(M,K) —> (@layer_1) ;
component_material_type(M,K) —> (@type_of_element_for_second_accessory_element_1) ;
object_abundance_class —> @frequence_of_existence_for_second_accessory_element_1) ; };
type_of_element_for_second_accessory_element_1 = LITHOLOGY_TYPE {
name(M,K) —> « bivalve » ;
source(M) —> @RV_mycompany ;
component_material_type <—(@second_accessory_element_1,@freq_second_accessory_element_1) ; };
accessory_class_for_second_accessory_element_1 = OBJECT_ABUNDANCE_CLASS {
name(M,K) —> « second accessory element » ;
source(M) —> @RV_mycompany ;
component_material_type <— (@second_accessory_element_1) ; };
frequence_of_existence_for_second_accessory_element_1 = OBJECT_ABUNDANCE_CLASS {
name(M,K) —> « presence » ;
source(M) —> @RV_mycompany ;
component_material_type <— (@freq_second_accessory_element_1) ; };
layer_interval_1 = WELLBORE_INTERVAL {
identifier(K) —> « composite log Well001 - bed number 1 » ;
geologic_feature(K) —> (@layer_1) ;
wellbore(M,K) —> (@wellbore_1) ;
pty_geometry_1d_edge —> (@top_and_bottom_interval_1_depth) ; };
top_and_bottom_interval_1_depth = PTY_GEOMETRY_SIMPLE_1D_EDGE {
edge —>(@wellbore_interval_related_to_the_biozone) ;
minimum_point —>NDT_LENGTH_MIDRANGE {
real_value : 1200 ;
ref_unit_of_measure @PRV_m ;
maximum_point —>NDT_LENGTH_MIDRANGE {
real_value : 1245 ;
ref_unit_of_measure @PRV_m ;}
coordinate_system —>(@local_spatial_coordinate_system_1) ;}
measured_depth_system_axis_1 = MEASURED_DEPTH_SYSTEM_AXIS {
ref_quantity_property(M,K) —> @PRV_measured_depth ;
source(M) —> @PRV_POSC ;
coordinate_system —> (@local_spatial_coordinate_system_1) ; };
local_spatial_coordinate_system_1 = LOCAL_SPATIAL_COORDINATE_SYSTEM {
identifier(M,K) —> « measured depth » ;
ref_coordinate_system_constraint(M) —>@PRV_measured depth system ;
coordinate_system_axis —>(@measured_depth_system_axis_1) ;
vertex —>(@kelly_bushing_référence) ;
source(M) —> @PRV_POSC ; };
wellbore_1 = WELLBORE {
identifier(M,K) —> « Wellbore001 » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
well(M,K) —> (@well_1) ;
create_wellbore_position <— (@layer_interval_1) ;
datum_for_measured_depth = KELLY_BUSHING_REFERENCE {
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
wellbore(M) —> (@wellbore_1) ;
identifier —> « kelly bushing XXX» ;
position_in_wellbore <— (@kelly_bushing_position) ; };
kelly_bushing_position = GENERAL_WELLBORE_POINT {
wellbore(M,K) —> (@wellbore_1) ;
wellbore_component_facility —> (@datum_for_measured_depth) ;} ;
well_1 = WELL {
identifier(M,K) —> « Well001 » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
wellbore <— (@wellbore_1) ; };
END_SCHEMA_DATA ;
END_MODEL ;
MODEL lithologic description for graphic representation
SCHEMA_DATA Epicentre_V2.1 ;
%********* only a part (component_material_type) is taken for the example******************
layer_1 = LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_BED {
identifier(K) —> « first bed of the composite log » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
material_classification <— (@main_litho_1A) ; };
main_litho_1 = MATERIAL_CLASSIFICATION {
material —> (@layer_1) ;
object_abundance_class —> (@lithotype_class_for_main_litho_1) ; %**suggested attribute to be****%
%**added to the *****************%
%*material_classification entity*%
material_class —> (@type_of_carbonate_rock_1) ; } ;
type_of_carbonate_rock_1 = MATERIAL_CLASS {
name(M,K) —> « biomicrite » ;
source(M) —> @PRV_POSC ;
material_classification <— (@main_litho_1) ;
classification_system —> @PRV_carbonate type Folk ; };
lithotype_class_for_main_litho_1 = OBJECT_ABUNDANCE_CLASS {
name(M,K) —> « main lithology » ;
material_classification <— (@main_litho_1) ; %**suggested attribute to be added to the **%
%**object_abundance_class entity***********%
source(M) —> @RV_mycompany ;; };
END_SCHEMA_DATA ;
END_MODEL ;
;
| Table of Contents | Top of Page |
Typical_geologic_process : A type of geologic process for which standard characteristics and typical responses are known. Examples include: standard models for carbonate sedimentation, reef growth, diagenesis of mineral constituents. The list associate fits well with what we are looking for within the concept of « deposit environment.
Examples:
Name: back reef
description: Area of an organic reef behind the reef core, usually where
carbonate sediments interfinger with terrigenous sediments.
source: POSC
Name: barrier reef
description: Elongate organic reef which parallels the shore but is
separated from the land mass by a lagoon.
source: POSC
graphic representation of the deposit environment within the well « ABC001 ».
| from 1000 to 1200 | back reef |
| from 1200 to 1500 | deltaic |
MODEL deposit environment within a well : graphic representation
SCHEMA_DATA Epicentre_V2.1 ;
deposit_env_for_well1_interpretation = GEOSCIENCE_INTERPRETATION {
name(K) —> « lab result. Well ABC001 » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
earth_model <— (@earth_model_1) ;
earth_model_object <— (@wellbore_interval_1, @wellbore_interval_2) ; };
earth_model_1 = EARTH_MODEL {
identifier(M,K) —> « deposit environment model is well ABC001 » ;
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@deposit_env_for_well1_interpretation) ;
spatial_object —> (@wellbore_interval_1, @wellbore_interval2 ) ; };
wellbore_interval_1 = WELLBORE_INTERVAL {
identifier(K) —> « interval 1 » ;
geologic_feature(K) —> (@environment_unit_1) ;
wellbore(M,K) —> (@wellbore001) ;
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@deposit_env_for_well1_interpretation) ;
earth_model <— (@earth_model_1) ;
pty_geometry_1d_edge <— (@top_and_bottom_interval_1_in_wellbore) ; };
environment_unit_1 = LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
identifier(K) —> « environment entity one » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
position_in_wellbore <— (@wellbore_interval_1) ;
geologic_process —> (@type_of_geologic_process_1) ;
wellbore <— (@wellbore001) ; };
type_of_geologic_process_1 = GEOLOGIC_PROCESS {
identifier(K) —> « environment deposit process one » ;
geologic_feature <— (@environment_unit_1) ;
typical_geologic_process —> (@type_of_environment_deposit_1) ; };
type_of_environment_deposit_1 = TYPICAL_GEOLOGIC_PROCESS {
name(M,K) —> « back reef » ;
source(M) —> @PRV_POSC ;
geologic_process <— (@type_of_geologic_process_1) ; };
top_and_bottom_interval_1_in_wellbore = PTY_GEOMETRY_SIMPLE_1D_EDGE {
edge —>(@wellbore_interval_1) ;
minimum_point —>NDT_LENGTH_MIDRANGE {
real_value : 1000 ;
ref_unit_of_measure @PRV_m ;
maximum_point —>NDT_LENGTH_MIDRANGE {
real_value : 1200 ;
ref_unit_of_measure @PRV_m ;}
coordinate_system —>(@local_spatial_coordinate_system_1) ;}
wellbore_interval_2 = WELLBORE_INTERVAL {
identifier(K) —> « interval 2 » ;
geologic_feature(K) —> (@environment_unit_2) ;
wellbore(M,K) —> (@wellbore001) ;
geoscience_interpretation(K) —> (@deposit_env_for_well1_interpretation) ;
earth_model <— (@earth_model_1) ;
pty_geometry_1d_edge <— (@top_and_bottom_interval_2_in_wellbore) ; };
environment_unit_2 = LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC_UNIT
identifier(K) —> « environment entity two » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
position_in_wellbore <— (@wellbore_interval_2) ;
geologic_process —> (@type_of_geologic_process_2) ;
wellbore <— (@wellbore001) ; } ;
type_of_geologic_process_2 = GEOLOGIC_PROCESS {
identifier(K) —> « environment deposit process one » ;
geologic_feature <— (@environment_unit_2) ;
typical_geologic_process —> (@type_of_environment_deposit_2) ; };
type_of_environment_deposit_2 = TYPICAL_GEOLOGIC_PROCESS {
name(M,K) —> « deltaic » ;
source(M) —> @PRV_POSC ;
geologic_process <— (@type_of_geologic_process_2) ; };
top_and_bottom_interval_2_in_wellbore = PTY_GEOMETRY_SIMPLE_1D_EDGE {
edge —>(@wellbore_interval_2) ;
minimum_point —>NDT_LENGTH_MIDRANGE {
real_value : 1200 ;
ref_unit_of_measure @PRV_m ;
maximum_point —>NDT_LENGTH_MIDRANGE {
real_value : 1245 ;
ref_unit_of_measure @PRV_m ;}
coordinate_system —>(@local_spatial_coordinate_system_1) ;}
measured_depth_system_axis_1 = MEASURED_DEPTH_SYSTEM_AXIS {
ref_quantity_property(M,K) —> @PRV_measured_depth ;
source(M) —> @PRV_POSC ;
coordinate_system —> (@local_spatial_coordinate_system_1) ; };
local_spatial_coordinate_system_1 = LOCAL_SPATIAL_COORDINATE_SYSTEM {
identifier(M,K) —> « measured depth » ;
ref_coordinate_system_constraint(M) —>@PRV_measured depth system ;
coordinate_system_axis —>(@measured_depth_system_axis_1) ;
vertex —>(@kelly_busing_position) ;
source(M) —> @PRV_POSC ; };
wellbore_1 = WELLBORE {
identifier(M,K) —> « Wellbore001 » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
well(M,K) —> (@well_1) ;
create_wellbore_position <— (@layer_interval_1) ;
wellbore_component_facility —> (@datum_for_measured_depth) ; };
datum_for_measured_depth = KELLY_BUSHING_REFERENCE {
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
wellbore(M) —> (@wellbore_1) ;
identifier —> « kelly bushing XXX» ;
position_in_wellbore <— (@kelly_bushing_position) ; };
kelly_bushing_position = GENERAL_WELLBORE_POINT {
wellbore(M,K) —> (@wellbore_1) ;
wellbore_component_facility —> (@datum_for_measured_depth) ; };
well_1 = WELL {
identifier(M,K) —> « Well001 » ;
ref_existence_kind(M,K) —> @PRV_actual ;
wellbore <— (@wellbore_1) ; };
END_SCHEMA_DATA ;
END_MODEL ;
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Copyright © 1994-1997 Petrotechnical Open Software
Corporation. All rights reserved.
POSC ® and the POSC logo ® are registered trademarks and Epicentre™
is a trademark of Petrotechnical Open Software Corporation.